The project’s primary focus was on the media’s role as mirror and creator of the modern world; on the interaction between political, cultural, and media events, and other performances. The term “media societies” represented the program’s multi-faceted research objectives. Media institutions and technologies are heavily implicated in modern societies. Media also constitute sub-societies of their own. Media not only represent social, political, and cultural words; they define them. All these aspects of “Media Societies” were touched upon in different case studies: different time-space constructions in Eastern and Western journalism, The Russian intelligentsia in the 20th Century, comparisons of the constructions of Media and political events in Eastern and Western European journalism, Western constructions of the Eastern Other, post communism and the “discourses of change” etc