Few phenomena impact human lives as profoundly and in such diverse ways as war. This project focuses on the major war in Ukraine, examining its effects on citizens across economic, political, environmental, psychological, informational, and social domains. It adopts a human-centered, interdisciplinary approach, combining expertise in behavioral economics, political science, environmental studies, psychology, communication, sociology, and peace research. We employ a multi-method strategy, integrating qualitative interviews, longitudinal surveys, randomized experiments, and spatial analyses. This approach allows advancing central debates in the social sciences: (i) how war shapes economic preferences and cooperation; (ii) how civilian victimization affects military resistance, democratic support, and leadership preferences; (iii) how war-induced environmental damage affect societal resilience, governance, and cohesion; (iv) how war impact different aspects of subjective well-being; (v) how exposure to protracted violence shapes susceptibility to misinformation; and (vi) how veterans’ reintegrate into their families, communities, and labor market. Through seven integrated work packages, led by a multinational team including scholars and organizations based in Ukraine, HUMAN-UKR will generate not only new scientific knowledge but also actionable insights for Ukraine’s resilience and recovery, and for preparedness in the Baltic Sea Region and Eastern Europe.